AABBTree - Axis-Aligned Bounding Box Trees¶
AABBTree is a pure Python implementation of a static d-dimensional axis aligned bounding box (AABB) tree. It is inspired by Introductory Guide to AABB Tree Collision Detection from Azure From The Trenches.
Installation¶
AABBTree is available through PyPI and can be installed by running:
pip install aabbtree
To test that the package installed properly, run:
python -c "import aabbtree"
Alternatively, the package can be installed from source by downloading the latest release from the AABBTree repository on GitHub. Extract the source and, from the top-level directory, run:
pip install -e .
The --user
flag may be needed, depending on permissions.
Example¶
The following example shows how to build an AABB tree and test for overlap:
>>> from aabbtree import AABB
>>> from aabbtree import AABBTree
>>> tree = AABBTree()
>>> aabb1 = AABB([(0, 0), (0, 0)])
>>> aabb2 = AABB([(-1, 1), (-1, 1)])
>>> aabb3 = AABB([(4, 5), (2, 3)])
>>> tree.add(aabb1, 'box 1')
>>> tree.does_overlap(aabb2)
True
>>> tree.overlap_values(aabb2)
['box 1']
>>> tree.does_overlap(aabb3)
False
>>> tree.add(aabb3)
>>> print(tree)
AABB: [(0, 5), (0, 3)]
Value: None
Left:
AABB: [(0, 0), (0, 0)]
Value: box 1
Left: None
Right: None
Right:
AABB: [(4, 5), (2, 3)]
Value: None
Left: None
Right: None
API¶
-
class
aabbtree.
AABB
(limits=None)[source] Bases:
object
Axis-aligned bounding box (AABB)
The AABB is a d-dimensional box.
Parameters: limits (iterable, optional) – The limits of the box. These should be specified in the following manner:
limits = [(xmin, xmax), (ymin, ymax), (zmin, zmax), ...]
The default value is None.
-
classmethod
merge
(aabb1, aabb2)[source] Merge AABB
Find the AABB of the union of AABBs.
Parameters: - aabb1 (AABB) – An AABB
- aabb2 (AABB) – An AABB
Returns: An AABB that contains both of the inputs
Return type: AABB
-
overlap_volume
(aabb)[source] Determine volume of overlap between AABBs
Let \(\left(l_i^{(1)}, u_i^{(1)}\right)\) be the i-th dimension lower and upper bounds for AABB 1, and let \(\left(l_i^{(2)}, u_i^{(2)}\right)\) be the lower and upper bounds for AABB 2. The volume of overlap is:
\[V = \prod_{i=1}^n \text{max}\left(0, \text{min}\left(u_i^{(1)}, u_i^{(2)}\right) - \text{max}\left(l_i^{(1)}, l_i^{(2)}\right) \right)\]Parameters: aabb (AABB) – The AABB to calculate for overlap volume Returns: Volume of overlap Return type: float
-
overlaps
(aabb)[source] Determine if two AABBs overlap
Parameters: aabb (AABB) – The AABB to check for overlap Returns: Flag set to true if the two AABBs overlap Return type: bool
-
corners
corner points of AABB
Type: list
-
perimeter
perimeter of AABB
The perimeter \(p_n\) of an AABB with side lengths \(l_1 \ldots l_n\) is:
\[\begin{split}p_1 &= 0 \\ p_2 &= 2 (l_1 + l_2) \\ p_3 &= 2 (l_1 l_2 + l_2 l_3 + l_1 l_3) \\ p_n &= 2 \sum_{i=1}^n \prod_{j=1\neq i}^n l_j\end{split}\]Type: float
-
volume
volume of AABB
The volume \(V_n\) of an AABB with side lengths \(l_1 \ldots l_n\) is:
\[\begin{split}V_1 &= l_1 \\ V_2 &= l_1 l_2 \\ V_3 &= l_1 l_2 l_3 \\ V_n &= \prod_{i=1}^n l_i\end{split}\]Type: float
-
classmethod
-
class
aabbtree.
AABBTree
(aabb=AABB(None), value=None, left=None, right=None)[source] Bases:
object
Static AABB Tree
An AABB tree where the bounds of each AABB do not change.
Parameters: - aabb (AABB) – An AABB
- value – The value associated with the AABB
- left (AABBTree, optional) – The left branch of the tree
- right (AABBTree, optional) – The right branch of the tree
-
add
(aabb, value=None, method='volume')[source] Add node to tree
This function inserts a node into the AABB tree. The function chooses one of three options for adding the node to the tree:
- Add it to the left side
- Add it to the right side
- Become a leaf node
The cost of each option is calculated based on the method keyword, and the option with the lowest cost is chosen.
Parameters: - aabb (AABB) – The AABB to add.
- value – The value associated with the AABB. Defaults to None.
- method (str) –
The method for deciding how to build the tree. Should be one of the following:
- volume
volume Costs based on total bounding volume and overlap volume
Let \(p\) denote the parent, \(l\) denote the left child, \(r\) denote the right child, \(x\) denote the AABB to add, and \(V\) be the volume of an AABB. The three options to add \(x\) to the left branch, add it to the right branch, or create a new parent. The cost associated with each of these options is:
\[\begin{split}C(\text{add left}) &= V(p \cup x) - V(p) + V(l \cup x) - V(l) + V((l \cup x) \cap r) \\ C(\text{add right}) &= V(p \cup x) - V(p) + V(r \cup x) - V(r) + V((r \cup x) \cap l) \\ C(\text{create parent}) &= V(p \cup x) + V(p \cap x)\end{split}\]In the add-left cost, the term \(V(b \cup x) - V(b)\) is the increase in parent bounding volume. The cost \(V(l \cup x) - V(l)\) is the increase in left child bounding volume. The last term, \(V((l \cup x) \cap r)\) is the overlapping volume between children if \(x\) were added to the left child. The cost to create a new parent is the bounding volume of the parent and \(x\) plus their overlap volume.
This cost function includes the increases in bounding volumes and the amount of overlap- two values a balanced AABB tree should minimize. The cost function suits the author’s current needs, though other applications may seek different tree properties. Please visit the AABBTree repository if interested in implementing another cost function.
-
does_overlap
(aabb, method='DFS')[source] Check for overlap
This function checks if the limits overlap any leaf nodes in the tree. It returns true if there is an overlap.
Parameters: - aabb (AABB) – The AABB to check.
- method (str) – {‘DFS’|’BFS’} Method for traversing the tree. Setting ‘DFS’ performs a depth-first search and ‘BFS’ performs a breadth-first search. Defaults to ‘DFS’.
Returns: True if overlaps with a leaf node of tree.
Return type: bool
-
overlap_aabbs
(aabb, method='DFS')[source] Get overlapping AABBs
This function gets each overlapping AABB.
Parameters: - aabb (AABB) – The AABB to check.
- method (str) – {‘DFS’|’BFS’} Method for traversing the tree. Setting ‘DFS’ performs a depth-first search and ‘BFS’ performs a breadth-first search. Defaults to ‘DFS’.
Returns: AABB objects in AABBTree that overlap with the input.
Return type: list
-
overlap_values
(aabb, method='DFS')[source] Get values of overlapping AABBs
This function gets the value field of each overlapping AABB.
Parameters: - aabb (AABB) – The AABB to check.
- method (str) – {‘DFS’|’BFS’} Method for traversing the tree. Setting ‘DFS’ performs a depth-first search and ‘BFS’ performs a breadth-first search. Defaults to ‘DFS’.
Returns: Value fields of each node that overlaps.
Return type: list
-
depth
Depth of the tree
Type: int
-
is_leaf
returns True if is leaf node
Type: bool
Contributing¶
Contributions to the project are welcome. Please visit the AABBTree repository to clone the source files, create a pull request, and submit issues.
License and Copyright Notice¶
Copyright © 2020, Georgia Tech Research Corporation
AABBTree is open source and freely available under the terms of the MIT license.
License
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2020 Georgia Tech Research Corporation
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.